It seems like a simple thing to label an advertisement as political or not. There’s the message — on a political sign it usually goes something like, “Elect so-and-so for whatever.” Then there’s the color scheme — red, white, and blue seem to show up a lot. Last, take a look at the image on the sign — is it some politician’s smiling mug?

Just how political that approach is — or isn’t — is a subject of a debate in Fortuna, where a sign promoting 2nd District supervisorial candidate Estelle Fennell has prompted complaints to the city manager’s office. If the blue and white billboard, which sports a picture of grinning Fennell, is indeed political in nature, then it violates Fortuna ordinances regarding both the size and timing of political signs. The sign says, “Vote June 5 Estelle Fennell SUPERVISOR-Fighting For YOUR Future, Paid for by Estelle Fennell for Supervisor.”

Fortuna Municipal Code § 17.05.180(D)(b) reads,

One political campaign sign not exceeding four square feet in area or four feet in height is permitted on private property. These signs shall be removed within 10 days after the election. Such signs shall not be erected prior to 30 days before the election. 

“It looks and walks like a political sign, so therefore the city’s position is that it must be a political sign,” said City Manager Duane Rigge. He said that the sign has been up for at least three weeks — far in advance of the one-month rule. Following a consultation with the city attorney, Rigge sent Fennell a cease-and-desist letter, also requesting that she take down smaller signs posted in a downtown storefront.

As of Saturday however, the billboard remained, Rigge said. He’s unsure how the city will deal with it. “We were hoping she would come forward and do something about it,” he said.

But Fennell isn’t ready to concede the point. “It’s not a political sign; it’s an ad,” Fennell said in an interview. “We consider the issue resolved.” Despite the ordinance, she invited her opponent to respond with his own sign. “Clif [Clendenen] is free to put up a billboard too, in our view,” she said.

Here’s the text of the city’s letter:

Dear Ms. Fennell,

Thank you for responding to the city’s concerns regarding campaign signs that are posted prior to the time stipulated in the Municipal Code § 17.05.180(D)(b), and removing campaign signs prematurely posted in the window of a business on Main Street.

The same ordinance section limits the size of campaign signs (i.e. signs that advertise a candidate who is running for office) to not greater than four-square feet or four-feet in height. This applies equally to signs mounted on private commercial property, banners hung on a building’s exterior, or glued onto a roadside billboard. In all cases, a political campaign sign permit (no charge) is required to identify the proposed location for approval by city staff. The posting of all such signs is limited to a window of time beginning 30 days before an election.

All candidates are requested to abide by the same set of fair-play regulations during a time of potentially heated emotions. Any provocation viewed as taking advantage of the prescribed rules can initiate intense discussion within the community.

As you noted, letters to the editor endorsing candidates are not regulated by the city. Nor are radio spots promoting a candidate. However, signs that encourage people to vote for a candidate are regulated by each local jurisdiction.The regulations are not uniform from community to community but each jurisdiction does provide a regulatory environment for political signs. It makes no difference whether you pay someone to post or mount a sign or are provided space free of charge. Nearly all campaign signs are paid for [by] the candidate or by a committee to elect a candidate.

In the spirit of civic mindedness and fair play, the city is requesting that you and all political candidates conduct your campaign within the established guidelines. Your attention to this matter in a timely fashion will be most appreciated,

Sincerely,

Duane V. Rigge

City Manager

 

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160 Comments

  1. Regulating political speech is not simple. This will be an interesting case to follow.
    Thanks for sharing!

  2. The Fortuna City Council has zero authority over the regulation of county elections — we saw this same situation in reverse when the (lack of a) brain trust behind Measure T tried to assert in 2006 that an unconstitutional county campaign finance measure applied to city elections.

  3. Apples and oranges, Charles. Cities have a right to enact and enforce sign ordinances within their own jurisdictional boundaries.

  4. It’s pretty unsuprising to see a hit piece here. Looks to be ghost written by Burns. Will Clif show the campaign contribution as an “in kind” donation?

  5. In the interest of fairness, not that there is any such interest at the Journal, someone should look into Clifs oversized and unpermitted billboard on the freeway. Good for the gander and other such drivel.

  6. I’d assume regulations on political signs have to do with their visual impact on a community… the fact that places that don’t normally sport signs suddenly have signs, such as residential lawns, and become an eyesore. They are also a waste issue if the signs linger for months, falling apart from weather wear.

    I view billboards in a completely different light, assuming a billboard’s presence was established well before campaigns began. If this is a billboard that has been around for years, I don’t agree with the fuss. It’s not an undue eyesore (the billboard was already there independent of Estelle) and doesn’t pose an environmental hazard. If Fortuna doesn’t like billboards, it should ban all billboards.

  7. I think no political signs more than 30 days before the elections is a great law!

    As far as I can tell, Estelle has been campaigning for the last 18+ months. This fortuna fiasco shows her true colors as a politician. I hope the 2nd district voters get a chance to see how Estelle likes to re-interpret regulations as they benefit her.

  8. Well, I think she got around the political sign rule by putting the “grand opening” of the office sign on the billboard. It makes it an add for the grand opening, not for Ms Fennells election.

    Sneaky, yes, underhanded, yes, illegal….probably not.

    Now the real question now is do you want someone that sneaky and underhanded running any part of county government, but that’s up to the voters of the 2nd district.

  9. Given that it says “Vote Estelle Fennell Supervisor,” yes, it’s a campaign sign.

    But it’s also on an existing billboard, meaning that if Estelle’s message wasn’t on there, some other ad would be. In that sense, it’s an advertisement like any other, as opposed to, say, a yard sign.

    From a First Amendment point of view, I think Estelle’s campaign may have a point, and the City may be on shaky ground. Political speech is supposed to be more protected than commercial speech, and yet here is a regulation that specifically outlaws political speech, while allowing commercial speech in the same space.

    As a practical matter, it’s probably not going to make much difference either way, since neither a billboard, nor a controversy over a billboard, is going to sway many voters one way or the other.

  10. Classic Estelle. Doesn’t follow any rules but her own and if she has to make them up that is just fine and anyone who challenges her ideas is just fodder to step on. Estelle with more power is just more disturbing.

  11. Having a Supervisor who understands the details of a situation rather than blindly following staff recommendations is just the skill that is needed in a good candidate. Fortuna’s staff knows that the ordinance does not regulate billboards but want to apply that ordinance to this billboard. Estelle is showing what a good Supervisor she will be.

  12. Estelle is a lobbyist for real estate developers. Clif is a local business owner. I will take Clif, thanks.

    Any day.

  13. Just in case anyone is interested in the * merits * of the issue, it seems to me that there are two questions:

    (1) Does the Fortuna ordinance’s language on “political signs,” even apply to existing, permitted billboards? It looks to me like it doesn’t — Rigge’s “creative” interpretation notwithstanding.

    (2) If the 40-day window and 4 square feet provisions actually DO apply to political messages on billboards, then is that Constitutionally acceptable or not? I doubt this question will even be reached, because I think the answer to question (1) is “no.” But just for the heck of it, let’s take a look at how the Supreme Court has ruled in a similar case:

    • Metromedia v. San Diego, 453 US 490 (1981) is the court’s only modern case on regulation of billboards (“offsite advertising”). The case produced five different opinions. Scattered among these opinions were five or more votes (a majority of the 9 votes on the court) for the following points:

    • while the government has a legitimate interest in controlling the non-communicative aspects of billboards, First Amendment concerns place some limits on billboard regulation;

    • commercial speech has less First Amendment protection than noncommercial speech…

    • San Diego’s sign ordinance is unconstitutional because it has two fatal flaws: 1) it allows commercial messages in certain places where noncommercial messages (advocacy) are not allowed; this is a violation of the principle that noncommercial speech is entitled to a higher degree of First Amendment protection than commercial speech; and 2) the ordinance results in the city showing a preference for certain kinds of noncommercial speech over other kinds of noncommercial speech; this was a violation of the principle that regulations may not be based on message content.*

    http://aalto.arch.ksu.edu/jwkplan/law/US%20Supreme%20Ct.htm

  14. From the California League of Cities website:

    ” I. Political, campaign and election signs.

    Special rules for “political signs” or “campaign signs” or “election signs” are common in sign ordinances, and pose a major legal risk.

    When challenged in court, political sign rules are almost always invalidated and the government is ordered to pay large attorney fee awards to challengers.”

    http://www.cacities.org/resource_files/28823.Cutting%20Edge%20Issues%20in%20Sign%20Law-Didital%20Signs_Exceptions%20to%20Bans%20and%20More.pdf

  15. More from the piece on the California League of Cities website (page 24):

    “To defend themselves, cities need to do several things.

    First, they need to convince the court that only commercial speech is involved and that if any noncommercial speech is affected, the effect is incidental and de minimus.

    Second, they need to show that the statutory scheme does not favor commercial speech over noncommercial speech, a constitutional problem that has been labeled the “inversion problem.” “

    It looks like Fortuna’s ordinance, if applied to billboards, would have a fatal “inversion problem.”

    So it seems that for starters Mr. Rigge and whatever attorneys he was relying on owe Fennell and her campaign an apology. And then they’d better get busy re-writing their ordinance. Fortunately, the California League of Cities has a helpful suggestion:

    “The easiest way to do this is to insert a “substitution clause” in the city’s sign regulations. A substitution clause allows noncommercial messages to be placed on any lawfully erected sign where commercial messages are allowed.”

    For example, the billboard that Estelle’s message appears on.

  16. The following is from the majority in the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in the Metromedia vs. San Diego case:

    =================

    “As indicated above, our recent commercial speech cases have consistently accorded noncommercial speech a greater degree of protection than commercial speech. San Diego effectively inverts this judgment, by affording a greater degree of protection to commercial than to noncommercial speech…Insofar as the city tolerates billboards at all, it cannot choose to limit their content to commercial messages; the city may not conclude that the communication of commercial information concerning goods and services connected with a particular site is of greater value than the communication of noncommercial messages. 18 [453 U.S. 490, 514]

    Furthermore, the ordinance contains exceptions that permit various kinds of noncommercial signs, whether on property where goods and services are offered or not, that would otherwise be within the general ban. A fixed sign may be used to identify any piece of property and its owner. Any piece of property may carry or display religious symbols, commemorative plaques of recognized historical societies and organizations, signs carrying news items or telling the time or temperature, signs erected in discharge of any governmental function, or temporary political campaign signs. 19 No other noncommercial or ideological signs meeting the structural definition are permitted, regardless of their effect on traffic safety or esthetics.

    Although the city may distinguish between the relative value of different categories of commercial speech, the city does not have the same range of choice in the area of noncommercial speech to evaluate the strength of, or distinguish between, various communicative interests. See Carey v. Brown, 447 U.S., at 462 ; Police Dept. of Chicago v. Mosley, [453 U.S. 490, 515] 408 U.S. 92, 96 (1972). With respect to noncommercial speech, the city may not choose the appropriate subjects for public discourse: “To allow a government the choice of permissible subjects for public debate would be to allow that government control over the search for political truth.” Consolidated Edison Co., 447 U.S., at 538 . Because some noncommercial messages may be conveyed on billboards throughout the commercial and industrial zones, San Diego must similarly allow billboards conveying other noncommercial messages throughout those zones.”

    ====================

    See section V:

    http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=453&invol=490

    In other words, a city cannot disallow non-commercial billboards (including political billboards) where it allows commercial billboards, and it cannot choose to allow some kinds of non-commercial billboards (for example religious billboards) while disallowing other kinds of non-commercial billboards (such as political campaign billboards).

  17. tra, Nice analysis and fact finding. All the facts seem pretty easily available if one wanted to look. Unfortunately no one at the Journal was interested in fair and balanced reporting so they couldn’t be bothered with the facts. It wouldn’t suit their purpose.

  18. Thanks for digging up those court opinions, TRA. They make a pretty compelling case for the billboard’s legality — certainly a better defense than Ms. Fennell’s “It’s not a political sign” approach.

  19. Great job Ryan. Instead of admitting your omissions, apologizing for it and trying to do better next time you decide to go for another dig at your political target. Thanks for proving the point.

    At some time, perhaps your editor and publisher might consider the legitamate concerns expressed by the public. Sure some of it is bluster and politically oriented too, but that doesn’t make it inaccurate. Of course blog posters in addition to being anonymous aren’t claiming to have journalistic integrity. Maybe you are suggesting that the Journal should not have a higher standard than blogsters? That’s certainly the way it often acts.

  20. Sigh. Again, Anonymous, the post wasn’t written by me. Nor did it take a stance on the legality of the billboard. To recap: It reported that people have complained to the Fortuna city manager’s office, that the city manager sent Estelle Fennell a cease-and-desist letter, and that Fennell responded by saying it’s not a political sign, which is amusing.

    I personally commented that cities have a right to regulate political signs within their own jurisdictions. TRA then added information about the limits on that right, for which I thanked him/her/it.

    And I have now reached my daily limit for communicating with hand puppets.

  21. Hi Ryan,

    This particular handpuppet doesn’t really have any problem with your report. I just wanted some more info on the merits of the issue, so I did a little bit of digging.

    I’m glad you found the info I posted useful. Here’s another case, this one from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. In this case the court struck down a 60-day limit on campaign signs:

    CITY OF ANTIOCH v. CANDIDATES’ OUTDOOR GRAPHIC SERVICE

    “For the reasons stated the City of Antioch’s 60 day time limit on the posting of political signs is unconstitutional. The motion for a permanent injunction against enforcement of the ordinance is granted.”

    http://ca.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19821015_0000088.NCA.htm/qx

    There’s some additional discussion about all of this over at Eric Kirk’s blog.

    http://kunsoo1024.wordpress.com/2012/04/06/and-when-you-finish-with-the-symposium/#comment-63808

    Eric raises some good points about…well rather than try to paraphrase him I’ll just recommend that you take a look at his arguments, too, if you’re interested.

    Cheers,

    Your Friendly Neighborhood Handpuppet,

    • tra
  22. Hi Ryan,

    This particular handpuppet doesn’t really have any problem with your report. I just wanted some more info on the merits of the issue, so I did a little bit of digging.

    I’m glad you found the info I posted useful. Here’s another case, this one from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. In this case the court struck down a 60-day limit on campaign signs:

    CITY OF ANTIOCH v. CANDIDATES’ OUTDOOR GRAPHIC SERVICE

    “For the reasons stated the City of Antioch’s 60 day time limit on the posting of political signs is unconstitutional. The motion for a permanent injunction against enforcement of the ordinance is granted.”

    http://ca.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19821015_0000088.NCA.htm/qx

    There’s some additional discussion about all of this over at Eric Kirk’s blog.

    http://kunsoo1024.wordpress.com/2012/04/06/and-when-you-finish-with-the-symposium/#comment-63808

    Eric raises some good points about…well rather than try to paraphrase him I’ll just recommend that you take a look at his arguments, too, if you’re interested.

    Cheers,

    Your Friendly Neighborhood Handpuppet,

    • tra
  23. Imagine Estelle constructing a 50 x 50 lighted neon billboard in the yard across the street from your house, with a 24 x 7 loop of a 30 second sound bite broadcast at 100 db via loudspeakers on the billboard.

    Hear the lilting sound of her amplified voice espousing the merits of rural property rights at 3:30 am, her words echoing through the neighborhood, her neon-framed face gleaming into your bedroom in the dark of the night.

    Yes, at first you are exhausted and angry. But eventually a new calmness settles in your mind. Estelle knows what’s best.

    pro Deo et Patria

  24. First, in my experience, Estelle comes with her own personal “anonymous” bloggers and commentators. Second sign or not it has gained her extra publicity so that is a giant win whether you like the NCJ piece or not. Third, in my opinion, vote Cliff; although she’ll throw the developers once she is in office. This is all about Estelle, power, and Estelle’s agenda.

  25. How do bad politicians get elected in the first place? By pulling crap like this woman is trying to pull.

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