2012 and All That

(Aug. 20, 2009)  Dec. 21, 2012, marks a happy coincidence of the winter solstice with a notable turning of the Mayan calendar. The “long count” calendar, used from approximately 200 to 900 A.D., can be found represented on literally hundreds of Mayan stelae in Mexico and Central America. It’s a remarkable system for designating the exact date by counting the number of days from the start of their calendar — Aug. 11, 3114 B.C. by our calendar is their Day Zero.

The Mayan word for a day is k’in.

Was that Dec. 21 or 22? Author checking 1,200 year-old Mayan stela at Calakmul, southern Mexico, for exactly when the world will end.
GALLERY >

20 k’ins = 1 winal

18 winals = 1 tun

20 tuns = 1 k‘atun

20 k’atuns = 1 b’ak’tun (or pik). That is 140,000 days, or about 394 years.

If you’re reading this on Aug. 20, 2009, that’s Mayan day 12.19.16.11.1 (12 b’ak’tuns + 19 k’atuns + 15 tuns + 11 winals + 1 k’in).

Why, you may wonder, didn’t they adopt a straight base-20 system, where each place to the left denotes a 20-fold multiplier (analogous to our base-10 system)? Perhaps, one theory goes, the 360-day tun represents 18 months of 20 days followed by an intercalary five-day “month” to approximate an astronomical year.

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